Grupo Catalana Occidente SA (GCO, Inocsa Inversora 62%+ Serra/Lavilla family controlled) has faced sustained class actions over the contested 2023 sustained Inocsa Inversora/Serra family take-private discussions affecting Spanish institutional minority shareholders, plus the contested 2024 sustained GCO Spanish/European credit insurance (Atradius NV) customer demand normalization affecting Spanish institutional shareholders amid European insurance sector consolidation pressure.